TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Mutations in the RNA-binding protein (RBP) TAR DNA-binding protein (TARDBP encoding TDP-43) can result in ALS (Kabashi et al., 2008; Rutherford et al., 2008), and cytoplasmic TDP-43 inclusions have been reported in over 90% of cases of sporadic ALS (Mackenzie et al., 2010).