AQP3 and carcinoma: Copper–phenanthroline compounds were shown to promote oxidative DNA damage [16], and Cu2+ compounds, including dichloro(1,10-phenanthroline) copper (II), Cuphen have also been reported as inhibitors of aquaporin-3 (AQP3), an aquaglyceroporin that is overexpressed in several carcinomas including melanoma [17,18].