The proven existence of an evolutionary link between ROS1 and ALK receptors [38,39] has led to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the ALK inhibitor crizotinib [39,40] for the treatment of advanced ROS1-rearranged NSCLC in 2016 [41,42] and finally to its recommendation as standard-of-care for advanced NSCLC patients with known ROS1 alterations [43]. This evidence concerns the gene ROS1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.