STAT3 and gallbladder cancer: In a more recent study, PIN1 expression in human gallbladder cancer was found to be correlated with the activating phosphorylation of STAT3 (serine 727) and NFκB-p65 (serine 276), which induced EMT in tumor cells; accordingly, PIN1 knockdown impaired the phosphorylation/activation of both STAT3 and NFκB, which was accompanied by decreased Snail and ZEB2 expression in PIN1-depleted tumor cells, which lost a mesenchymal phenotype [188].