ACTA1 and diabetic kidney disease: For example, Zeisberg et al. showed with three animal models of chronic kidney disease (unilateral ureteral obstructive nephropathy, streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy, and a model of Alport renal disease) that 30%–50% of the fibroblasts in the fibrotic murine kidneys simultaneously express both the endothelial marker CD31 and the mesenchymal markers fibroblast-specific protein-1 and α-SMA [52].