Inhibition of TGF-β with a pan-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (1D11) against all three isoforms ameliorated renal fibrosis and alleviated kidney structural changes in the rodent models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (Sharma et al., 1996; Ziyadeh et al., 2000; Chen et al., 2003; Benigni et al., 2006). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and diabetes mellitus.