Due to this protein-protein binding, which antagonized the function of antiviral host factor SAMD9, viral late protein expression and replication of NTV were recovered in non-permissive human cells (Figures 8C,E), This correlated with the result that SAMD9 expression being inhibited by siRNA rescued the viral late protein expression and abortive infection in HeLa cells infected with NTV (Figure 6). Here, SAMD9 is linked to infection.