Nakayama et al. failed to induce pancreatitis in the severe combined immunodeficient mice by administering alcohol and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) until an intraperitoneal injection of splenocytes (CD4+ or CD8+ T cells obtained from the wild-type mice), which showed that acquired immunity was essential for disease development besides repeated stimulation of the innate immune system (29). This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and pancreatitis.