NPR1 and infection: In Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the NPR1 gene and inoculated with the necrotrophic pathogen Fusarium graminearum, Makandar et al. (2010) found that defense mediated by SA-NPR1 would contribute to the control of disease, while JA-mediated signaling would favor infection by restricting the activation of defense regulated by SA-NPR1. In any case, a positive role of JA in defense could not be rejected since double mutants (npr1 and insensitive to JA, jar1) were more susceptible to the disease than single npr1 mutants.