B cells from patients with RR-MS and SP-MS exhibited a higher level of NF-κB phospho-p65 after CD40L stimulation compared with HC; after CD40L incubation, no differences in phospho-p65 were found between NMO and HC, but its basal level was much higher in NMO. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is neuromyelitis optica.