Our own bioinformatics analysis showed that the ten genes SMURF2, CDC42, UBE3A, RBBP6, CDC5L, NEDD4L, UBE2D2, UBE2B, UBE2I, and MAPK1 were significantly and highly expressed in patients with AF complicated by stroke when compared with patients with simple AF without stroke. This evidence concerns the gene NEDD4L and atrial fibrillation.