Compared with control brain (sham), E-selectin levels increased 10.02 ± 2.68-fold (P < 0.001) at day 1 post-ischemia, and VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 increased 2.84 ± 0.76-fold (P < 0.001) and 7.87 ± 1.7-fold (P < 0.001), respectively, at day 2 post-ischemia, while cerebral ischemia also increase the mRNA levels of KLF4 over the entire 14-day time course, with this effect maximal between 7 and 14 days post-ischemia. This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and ischemia.