PTCH1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Among the genes involved in the identified biological processes based on the findings in both ALSPAC and BAMSE cohorts, genes INSIG1, PTCH1, and PTPRN2 have been shown in a range of studies for their involvement in lung development, lung function, and inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma and COPD [54–60], although most findings were not specifically linked to adolescence.