INS and diabetes mellitus: In this way, when data from 151,194 participants without OSA from three ongoing prospective cohort studies in the United States was analyzed, the hazard ratio for developing OSA was discreetly higher in individuals with diabetes (1.08 (95% CI: 1.00 to 1.16), but increased substantially among those subjects under insulin treatment compared with those without diabetes (1.43 (95% CI: 1.11 to 1.83)) [21].