These observations suggest a crucial role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in the pathogenesis and (potentially) the response to therapy and outcome of hematological tumors of B cell origin that nowadays comprise over 90% of the nHL worldwide, and which display great heterogeneity at the clinical, pathologic, and genetic levels, thus representing 4% of all new estimated cancer cases and deaths. Here, CXCL12 is linked to non-Hodgkin lymphoma.