These data are consistent with prior in vitro and ex vivo studies describing the parallel opening of both channels in astrocytes subjected to neuroinflammatory conditions such as FGF-1 [60], alcohol [61], ultrafine carbon black [62], gp120 [44], familial Alzheimer’s disease [63], spinal cord injury [64] and acute infection [65]. Here, FGF1 is linked to familial Alzheimer disease.