NQO1 and Balkan nephropathy: NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), a cytosolic reductase that is highly expressed in the kidney, has been implicated in mouse AAN.[42] The inhibition of NQO1 enzymatic activity by pretreatment with dicoumarol and phenindione (NQO inhibitors) attenuated AAI-induced nephrotoxicity in C57BL/6 mice.