Synemin was shown to co-localize with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), another type III IF protein, in astrocyte progenitor cells and astrocytoma cells, hepatic stellate cells, and non-myelin-forming Schwann cells (Hirako et al., 2003; Jing et al., 2005; Uyama et al., 2006). This evidence concerns the gene GFAP and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).