Meta-analyses of eight randomized controlled trials with avelumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab, encompassing >4000 patients with advanced or metastatic cancers, confirmed that in both patients that were PDL-1 positive and PDL-1 negative, the long term clinical benefits from PD-1 or PDL-1 blockade could be observed. Here, CD274 is linked to metastatic malignant neoplasm.