Our previous studies in latent TGF-β transgenic mice explain this notion since mice overexpressing latent TGF-β1 are protected against renal inflammatory and fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstructive (UUO) nephropathy and anti-GBM glomerulonephritis model (Huang et al., 2008a, b). Here, TGFB1 is linked to glioblastoma.