TGFB1 and renal fibrosis: Whereas, anti-TGF-β treatments by using neutralizing antibodies (Border et al., 1990), inhibitors against the TβRII (Sutaria et al., 1998; Liu et al., 2018), or antisense oligonucleotides to TGF-β1 (Akagi et al., 1996; Miyajima et al., 2000; Ziyadeh et al., 2000; Chen et al., 2003) halt the progression of renal fibrosis, suggesting a vital pathological role of TGF-β in CKD.