Our results showed that there was no significant association between the frequencies of genotypes and alleles of SP-A1 rs1059057 locus and the incidence of RDS in Mongolian very preterm infants, which is consistent with the results of Dutch twin study (26) and our previous study on SP-A1 (SNP) locus (rs1059047, rs1136450) (28). The gene discussed is SFTPA1; the disease is newborn respiratory distress syndrome.