TNF and acute kidney injury: Data mining of gene expression profiles from 150 microarray experiments performed in 21 different models of AKI (including mouse, rat, pig, and human models) identified novel upregulated genes that have now been well-characterized and are now considered “usual suspects” in AKI parlance—including LCN2 (encoding lipocalin 2 or NGAL), KIM-1 (kidney injury molecule-1), CCL2 (chemokine ligand 2 or MCP-1), HMOX1 (heme oxygenase), TNF (tumor necrosis factor), and CLU (Clusterin) (7).