MAPK8 and infection: To investigate the signaling pathways that might modify miR-378d expression after M. tb infection, the PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages were pre-treated with the four inhibitors of the ERK (U-0126), JNK (SP600125), p38 (SB203580), or NF-κB (SC514) pathways for 2 h, followed by infection with M. tb and measurement of the relative expression of miR-378d at 24 h PI.