CYCS and ischemia: According to Kassan A et al. [83], in the heart stimulated by ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion, caveolin-3-knockdown HL-1 cells (a cardiac muscle cell line) show decreased expression of autophagy markers (beclin-1 and LC3II), increased cell death, and increased levels of apoptotic proteins (cleaved caspase-3 and cytochrome c).