Recently, Benagiano et al., have shown the presence of plaque-derived CD4+ cell clones specific for β2GpI, suggesting that anti-β2GpI antibodies not only have a role in the acquired procoagulant diathesis, but also in the accelerated atherosclerosis typically found in patients with primary and secondary APS, as well as in lupus patients [19]. Here, CD4 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.