The expression and activity of Sirt1, Sirt2, Sirt3, and Sirt5 is reduced in a streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) model, while the level of Sirt3 is increased in a high-fructose diet-induced T2DM model [74]. The gene discussed is SIRT3; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.