Induction of mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the main pathways leading to apoptosis by licochalcone A. It was found that it induced activation of caspases via the mitochondrial pathway and then mediated its antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of oral squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting Sp1 and Sp1-mediated signaling pathways [37]. Here, SP1 is linked to oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.