PRKN and Parkinson disease: Common PD-related mutant genes include the synuclein alpha (SNCA), leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (PARK2), and cytoplasmic protein sorting 35 (VPS35).