INS and Hyperglycemia: •When BG is unexpectedly high; e.g., fasting ≥250 mg/dL or unexpectedly ≥300 mg/dL for more than 2–3 h• During intercurrent illness irrespective of BG concentration• With nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain• Patients using SGLT inhibitors whenever they experience malaise or nausea despite normal or only mildly elevated BG levels• Patients using an insulin pump whenever there is unexplained hyperglycemia, which may indicate failure of insulin delivery