Again, as with retinal injury, the role of polyamines in acute brain injury is further complicated by the induction of PAO enzyme activity, leading to the formation of the toxic products, acrolein, and 3-aminopropanal that have been shown to strongly correlate with stroke pathology (Ivanova et al., 1998; Saiki et al., 2009). The gene discussed is PAOX; the disease is stroke disorder.