Moreover, a peripheral pro-inflammatory state in HCC and CCA patients was observed, and, a potential role for TNFα circulating levels, as well as TNFα mRNA expression by classical and intermediate monocytes, as prognostic peripheral biomarkers in HCC patients, indicating the presence of high-grade (G3 or G4) tumors, was revealed. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.