TMEM37 and infection: The larvae infected by the deletion mutants of five EPA-required pr1 genes survived longer than those infected by their control strains via cuticular penetration but such differences disappeared in other six Δpr1 mutants via the cuticle infection (Figure 4(a)) and in all Δpr1 mutants and control strains tested via the cuticle-bypassing infection (Supplementary Fig. S4).