VEGFA and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Activation of microglia and astrocytes with increased levels of pro-inflammatory serum and CSF cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is considered the hallmark in ALS (Ciervo et al. 2017; Hu et al. 2017; Morello et al. 2017; Crisafulli et al. 2018).