MAPK9 and skin neoplasm: Jnk2 deficient mice were resistant to skin cancer development following induction by the DMBA (7,12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene)/TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) two-stage carcinogenesis protocol, indicating that JNK2 functions as a promoter of skin cancer [138].