We also assayed plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), which produce IFN-α and IFN-β in response to HIV23, at peak viremia and 1-year post-infection (Extended Data Fig. 3d,e and Methods) but did not find IFN-I gene expression or a significant change in IRF7 expression (two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test, false discovery rate (FDR) corrected q < 1). The gene discussed is IRF7; the disease is infection.