Compared to PVL, the upstream regulator analysis revealed the activation of TGF-β, KRAS, ERK1/2, IL1, and INS at early phase and Vegf, HGF, Interferan alpha, IL6, IL1B, and NFKB at the later regeneration phase after ALPPS and PH. Here, MAPK3 is linked to periventricular leukomalacia.