Consistent with this finding, we observed, by confocal microscopy, that LL37, DNA and IgG co-localize in SLE target organs, while statistical studies indicate that the magnitude of anti-LL37 antibody and T-cell reactivity correlate with each other and with SLE disease activity, as captured by SLEDAI, and decrease in patients with inactive disease. The gene discussed is CAMP; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.