TNNI3 and myocardial infarction: For detection of biomarker, sensitive detection of cTnI with LOD of 0.01 ng mL−1 may lead to the clear differentiation between early MI patients with higher cTnI concentrations and healthy controls with lower cTnI concentrations49,50, superior to other platforms (e.g., glass chips and sGold chips) with lower detection sensitivity.