Liu presented new findings from two separate groups on the critical roles of IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in CRS and ICANS, providing a rationale to block the IL-1R pathway using the IL-1R antagonist, Anakinra [82, 83], and to neutralize GM-CSF, in order to control and prevent CRS and ICANS during CAR-T treatment [84]. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is congenital rubella syndrome.