TNF and dysplasia: Concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were also markedly higher in OSCC group as compared to subjects with oral leukoplakia without dysplasia (p = 0.0012, 0.0000, and 0.0492, respectively) and oral lichen planus without dysplasia (p = 0.0084, 0.0002, and 0.0212, respectively) (Figure 9).