TNF and Other metabolic disease: These metabolic disorders are associated with a state of chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation, which is caused by the activation of immune cells such as macrophages and T lymphocytes, as well as the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) [6,7,8,9].