In conclusion, in an experimental model of colitis, cashew nuts were able to alleviate the clinical signs, histological damage, neutrophil infiltration, oxidative stress, the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, as well as to reduce iNOS, ICAM-1, and P-selectin expressions likely through the inhibition of ROS induced-NF-kB activation and increased antioxidant capacity. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and colitis.