Elevated levels of p53 were observed as essential for TNT formation by astrocytes but not in other cell types such as PC12 cells, OCI-AML3 (acute myeloid leukemia), p53-null human osteosarcoma cell line SAOS-2, and murine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) [52,70]. This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and acute myeloid leukemia.