CRMA and Fulminant hepatitis: CrmA conjugated to an HIV trans-activator of transcription (TAT) domain, which confers cell permeability, potently reduced disease severity and improved survival in both anti-Fas-induced fulminant hepatitis, doxorubicin-induced heart failure and left anterior descending (LAD) artery ligation-induced myocardial infarction in mice [64].