The impact of serpin-mediated function is also seen in genetic disorders such as alpha-1-antitrypsin (SERPINA1; A1AT) deficiency causing severe emphysema [39], genetic mutations in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (SERPINE1; PAI-1) and antithrombin III (SERPINC1; ATIII) [40] leading to clotting disorders, genetic deficiency of the serpin complement C1 inhibitor (SERPING1; C1INH) causing angioedema [41], or neuroserpin mutations (SERPINI1; NSP) causing epilepsy and other neurological disorders [42,43]. Here, SERPINE1 is linked to hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 4.