As shown in Figure 5, the protein expression of the NF-κB activation and NF-κB-promoted gene products involved in invasion (MMP-9), metastasis (CXCR4, β1-integrin) and proliferation (Ki-67) were strongly enhanced in the presence of TNF-β, similar to 5-FU treatment by itself, or in combination treatment (TNF-β with 5-FU) in both CRC cells (HCT116, HCT116R) (Figure 5A,B). Here, CXCR4 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.