IL1B and chronic cystitis: Combined with the upregulation of TNF-α/NF-κB signaling and IL-1β found in both the SDH and hippocampus of cystitis model rats, we hypothesized that oral application of L-TAMS could attenuate mechanical allodynia, memory deficits, and depressive-like behaviors through inhibition of TNF-α/NF-κB signaling and IL-1β in the SDH and hippocampus of cystitis rats.