We then subjected wild-type and NS1-BP knockout cells to single-molecule RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (smRNA-FISH) to detect influenza virus M1 mRNA in infected cells (Fig 1B–1D) and oligo-dT in situ hybridization to label bulk cellular poly(A) RNA in the absence of infection (Fig 1E–1G). Here, IVNS1ABP is linked to infection.