CXCL11 and atherosclerosis: Along with other IFN-induced chemokines (CXCL9/MIG and CXCL11/I-TAC), it can elicit diverse effects in different cell types by binding to a common chemokine receptor, CXCR3.[13, 14] These effects include attraction of T cells and monocytes, regulation of angiogenesis, and differentiation of naive T cells to pro-inflammatory T helper 1 cells.[15, 16] The role of IP-10 in both inflammation and angiogenesis and its involvement in CVD pathogenesis in humans and murine models of atherosclerosis[17, 18] also make it an attractive CVD biomarker for further study.