In a cohort of AAs with type 1 diabetes, higher IP-10 was associated with higher risk of incident composite CVD events (defined as CHD, stroke, or peripheral arterial disease) independently of age, BMI, smoking, and mean arterial pressure with an OR = 3.53 (95% CI 1.07, 11.64) comparing the top and bottom quartiles of IP-10.[58] This study was small (n = 320 with only 43 incident CVD events) and only included individuals with type 1 diabetes without complication from infection or systemic inflammatory conditions. Here, CXCL10 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.