INS and gestational diabetes: Of these, 229 did not develop GDM (No-GDM group); 71 (24%) developed GDM, of whom 28 (39%) were treated by diet (Diet Group); 20 (28%) with metformin (Metformin Group); and 23 (32%) with insulin (Insulin Group; 9 insulin alone, 13 insulin plus metformin) (S1 Fig).