These include subjective global assessment (SGA); malnutrition-inflammation score (MIS); serum levels of albumin, creatinine (Cr), and C-reactive protein (CRP); body mass index (BMI); normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR); interleukin-6; geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI); Cr index; Objective Score of Nutrition on Dialysis (OSND); simple protein energy wasting score; Subjective Global Assessment-Dialysis Malnutrition Score (SGA-DMS); bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA); and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)3,5–15. The gene discussed is CRP; the disease is nutritional deficiency disease.